IN 5G-NR UE’s operating in RRC_Connected mode can be categorized into two types of mobilities Cell level mobility and Beam Level Mobility which are network controlled procedures. In Release-15 3GPP has introduced the inter-gNB handover procedure which is similar to…
N26 interface is an inter-Core Network interface between the MME and 5GS AMF in order to enable interworking between EPC and the NG core. Inter-RAT Mobility procedures involving mobility between LTE-EPC and 5G-NR-5GS utilize the N26 interface which enables the…
What’s the difference between BLER for Radio Link Management and BLER in Data throughput? A Block Error Ratio(BLER) is defined as the ratio of the number of erroneous blocks received to the total number of blocks sent. BLER = Number of…
There is a Buzz word which everyone says that BLER should be under 10%, but 10% of what? There are two scenarios where BLER calculation is taken into account – BLER Target for Radio Link Monitoring– BLER Target for PDSCH…
A UE when it is connected to the network, it needs to continuously monitor the Radio link for reliable communication. The UE monitor’s the downlink link quality based on the reference signal in order to detect the downlink radio link…
SSB Burst is contained inside a 5ms time frame and up to a max of 64 SSB beams are transmitted within the 5ms time period. A radio frame is of 10ms and the SSB burst can happen in the first…
MIB is mandatory system information that is broadcasted by the gNB at a set periodicity. During the initial cell selection procedure, UE assumes that the SSB is broadcasted every 20ms by the gNB. UE gets MIB by decoding the PBCH…
Reading specs from 3GPP can be sometimes very difficult as there are so many specs and navigating through each of them can be a daunting task and there is no definitive and clear guide on how to use the specs…
There are certain messages that 3GPP has defined that can be sent prior to Access stratum security activation and some messages which should not be sent without integrity protection or unciphered after AS security activation Below are the list of…
If you are working in Wireless communications for modem/device or RAN industry Have you ever wondered when the 5G ICON is displayed on the mobile? A UE will display 5G PS ICON when it is in the SA Coverage area…